From: krnet-bounces@mylist.net on behalf of krnet-request@mylist.net Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 12:00 PM To: krnet@mylist.net Subject: KRnet Digest, Vol 253, Issue 1 Send KRnet mailing list submissions to krnet@mylist.net To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://mylist.net/listinfo/krnet or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to krnet-request@mylist.net You can reach the person managing the list at krnet-owner@mylist.net When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of KRnet digest..." Today's Topics: 1. Re: engines (Phil Matheson) 2. Re:VW welded hub-was KR>drill bits (Dene Collett (SA)) 3. Dragonfly canopy doors (larry severson) 4. Re: Dragonfly canopy doors (Mark Jones) 5. Wright brothers (Timothy Bellville) 6. Trying to contact Bob Jennings Alaskan KR-2 7. Boeing 7E7 Announcement (Scott Cable) 8. Trouble getting through 9. Training Quandry, can KR's have dual pedals and sticks? (Thomas Brock) 10. Re: Boeing 7E7 Announcement (Dan Heath) 11. Re: Training Quandry, can KR's have dual pedals and sticks? (kevin) 12. Aluminum list posted! (Mark Langford) 13. Re: Boeing 7E7 Announcement (Scott Cable) 14. Re: Aluminum list posted! (Ray Fuenzalida) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 08:20:49 +1100 From: "Phil Matheson" To: "KRnet" Subject: Re: KR>engines Message-ID: <001a01c3c4e3$b74182d0$4897dccb@Office> References: <3.0.6.32.20031216201002.0085fdb0@pop.midwest.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 1 Just a question for the group. It may be premature (since I have a long way to go), but I noticed a Lycoming 0 145 for sale on Ebay. Would that be an acceptable power plant for a KR2S? It is a 65 horsepower and weighs about 165 pounds. Any thoughts? >Ray ----------------------------------------- Ray. We have a KR in Australia with a Cont engine, it broke a crank in flight, VERY VERY Expensive to fix.. There are many good VW engines, and the VW Engine Centre in Australia and the US is no exception. Well worth a look, 100HP 200 foot lbs of torque gear reduction, Elect ignition, Can get fuel injection now http://www.vw-engines.com/ Phil Matheson matheson@dodo.com.au VH-PKR ( reserved) 61 3 58833588 See our VW Engines and Home built web page at http://www.vw-engines.com/ www.homebuilt-aviation.com/ ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 22:55:16 +0200 From: "Dene Collett \(SA\)" To: , "KRnet" Subject: Re:VW welded hub-was KR>drill bits Message-ID: <000b01c3c4e0$4f569aa0$37e5fea9@telkomsa127179> References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 2 Ron said: > Rene said; > I haven't made much progress with the crank taper torque test lately > apart Well Ron this one will be completely 100% safe as it will be fastened to a trashed crank that has been secured somehow to a test jig. To the "welded flange will be fastened a looong lever arm from which a lot of lead weights will be hung untill the crank or hub or what ever fails.No prop, no "motor", no danger.Get it. (See your signature line) As I have said before, the aim of this test is purely to see just how much TORQUE it will take to cause a failure of the crank with the standard taper and key (disregarding ALL other forces).Depending on the results obtained from this test, further testing will be done on a running motor bolted to a test stand with a hub fabricated as one unit but still using the standard taper on the end of the crank with a few other ideas as well. Hopefully this will now put to rest the idea that I plan on flying behind a welded hub or standing in front of one for that matter. By the way my name is Dene (as in Dean) not Rene as above. Sorry for being so jumpy but I think I have explained myself enough times now for everybody to get the picture that I have absolutely no intension of using a welded hub of any kind. My interest lies solely in the fact that the standard taper can aparently handle the torque loads of the motor. Build well fly safe Dene Collett mailto: dene.collett@telkomsa.net ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 15:01:46 -0800 From: larry severson To: KRnet Subject: KR>Dragonfly canopy doors Message-ID: <5.2.1.1.0.20031217145855.02527458@pop-server.socal.rr.com> In-Reply-To: <000e01c3c37f$60d06980$2402a8c0@800Athlon> References: <023901c3c11b$e1151980$1202a8c0@basement> <002801c3c185$bb1c21a0$ba21f218@hot.rr.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: list Message: 3 Should the canopy be cut for the door before or after mounting canopy on the a/c? Larry Severson Fountain Valley, CA 92708 (714) 968-9852 larry2@socal.rr.com ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 17:31:31 -0600 From: "Mark Jones" To: "KRnet" Subject: Re: KR>Dragonfly canopy doors Message-ID: <007b01c3c4f5$e6e7fa20$6401a8c0@wi.rr.com> References: <023901c3c11b$e1151980$1202a8c0@basement> <002801c3c185$bb1c21a0$ba21f218@hot.rr.com> <5.2.1.1.0.20031217145855.02527458@pop-server.socal.rr.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 4 I would recommend doing it after the canopy is mounted in a frame. By doing it after the fact, you will achieve a perfect fit. Just my 2 cents worth. Mark Jones (N886MJ) Wales, WI USA E-mail me at flykr2s@wi.rr.com Visit my KR-2S CorvAIRCRAFT web site at http://mywebpage.netscape.com/n886mj/homepage.html ----- Original Message ----- From: "larry severson" To: "KRnet" Sent: Wednesday, December 17, 2003 5:01 PM Subject: KR>Dragonfly canopy doors > Should the canopy be cut for the door before or after mounting canopy > on the a/c? > > Larry Severson > Fountain Valley, CA 92708 > (714) 968-9852 > larry2@socal.rr.com > > > _______________________________________________ > see KRnet list details at http://www.krnet.org/instructions.html ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 19:51:26 -0500 From: "Timothy Bellville" To: "KRnet" Subject: KR>Wright brothers Message-ID: <001f01c3c501$1144da30$312d4b0c@HPHome> References: <001701c3c441$57785c90$0202a8c0@lori8v5h2xi9m3> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 5 Hi everyone, I would like to tell you how my family and I spent this Blessed day, first we spent the morning at the Air Force Museum on Wright -Patterson, and saw all of the fantastic aircraft on display. It truly is worth the trip. Everytime I visit,it feels like I am walking on hallowed ground. Then we went to the memoral on the hill ,over looking the site of the brothers first hanger and flying field. This too was a walk in the presence of greatness. But to truly make this a speciel day ,I felt that we needed to pay our respects to the Bishop's Boys in person. There was more then a few wreaths and flowers on the family marker , and we said a few words of thanks for the sacrifices and achivements that they made. I was disaponted not being able to attened the recreation at Kill devil hills,but spending the day at aviations birthplace and with the fathers of all, was just as special . Tim KR2 N3038V Toledo Ohio ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 16:48:26 -0900 From: tbsr@arctic.net To: krnet@mylist.net Subject: KR>Trying to contact Bob Jennings Alaskan KR-2 Message-ID: <713532e7.f3e70b9a.8182100@smtp.arctic.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 6 Merry Christmas Everyone, As you know, I'm trying to purchase an aircraft before Christmas. I am sold on the KR's. I found out that there is one in Alaska that belongs to Bob Jennings. It's a beautiful plane that is featured on the KR construction page. I have looked in the phone book to try and get his number, but I don't see a listing. I've also written Mark of the KRnet to forward my e-mail to his address. I also did a search on past posts to see if his e-mail was there, no such luck. Since he has a KR in such a cold climate, I just wanted to ask him a couple of questions regarding how he operates his during the winter. I also wanted to ask him what special modifications if any he has installed for cold weather flying or starting. Many pilots in the state has "special equipment" they use for cold weather flying. If any of you know how to get in touch with Bob Jennings, please forward this e-mail to him or send me his. Also, if any of you fly your KR's in cold weather, please let me know. Merry Christmas everyone! Thomasr ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 17:15:21 -0800 (PST) From: Scott Cable To: KRnet Subject: KR>Boeing 7E7 Announcement Message-ID: <20031218011521.81878.qmail@web40809.mail.yahoo.com> In-Reply-To: <001f01c3c501$1144da30$312d4b0c@HPHome> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: list Message: 7 I know this isn't really KR related, But: Employees cheer 7E7 announcement: The suspense is over and Commercial Airplanes employees throughout the Puget Sound area reacted jubilantly Tuesday to news that the Boeing Board of Directors granted the go-ahead to offer the 7E7 airplane to airline customers. At a year-end employee celebration in Seattle, approximately 3,500 employees cheered on and gave standing ovations to Alan Mulally, Commercial Airplanes president and CEO, and Harry Stonecipher, Boeing president and CEO. The Everett,Wash., factory, is where the new airplane will be assembled. Copy and paste this in your browser: http://boeingnews.web.boeing.com/archive/12_03/121703/index.html FYI: This is a completely new Airliner Design filled with advanced state of the art features unheard of previously in the Airline industry. There is a Multi-National Supplier Base selected for this aircraft, including Fuji Heavy industries (Subaru), AIA, Vought and others. ===== Scott Cable KR-2S # 735 Wright City, MO s2cable1@yahoo.com __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? New Yahoo! Photos - easier uploading and sharing. http://photos.yahoo.com/ ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2003 22:13:39 -0500 From: To: krnet@mylist.net Subject: KR>Trouble getting through Message-ID: Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; format="flowed" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: list Message: 8 Mark please E-mail me off the list so I can reply to you Trying to send you the aluminum spreadsheet. Steven Phillabaum Auburn Alabama skphil@charter.net ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 02:10:55 -0900 From: Thomas Brock To: KRnet Subject: KR>Training Quandry, can KR's have dual pedals and sticks? Message-ID: <3FE18B30.912153B0@arctic.net> References: <007a01c3c45a$3da01d30$0301a8c0@wotech.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 9 Thanks again everyone for all of your help. I know that I am getting closer to buying my KR. It might just happen before Christmas, which is what I've been shooting for. Just as I think I'm getting closer, I seem to run into another snag. But your help has always seemed to provide the right answers. I did check with my flight instructor here on the training requirements for his to teach me. Although I've seen KR's with dual stick, I'm not sure if there is one with dual pedals. If not, is this a modification that can be made without too much expense and damage to the airplane. The reason I ask is because my flight instructor says he will not get in the plane without full dual control. The quandary I have is that there are no planes for flight instruction here. Everyone has their own plane, or has taken the months to move into Anchorage to learn how to fly. The people who've done this are students who are planning careers as commercial pilots. I can't move into Anchorage to learn how to fly. I really don't want to buy a C150 just to learn how to fly. What I really want to do is buy a KR2 or similar modern plane and learn how to fly it. I'd been looking at the Varieze but have discovered that they have no provision for dual control either. In addition, the Varieze doesn't seem to have the member-user base of the KR planes. So, what do you have in mind? Can I buy a KR and then have it adapted with full dual control? While we are on the subject of KR2 training, can someone explain the FAA sport license proposal. How will it be different from the standard private pilot license? Thanks in advance for all replies. Thomas ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 06:12:28 -0500 (Eastern Standard Time) From: "Dan Heath" To: "krnet@mylist.net" Subject: Re: KR>Boeing 7E7 Announcement Message-ID: <3FE18B9C.000040.03136@Computer> References: <20031218011521.81878.qmail@web40809.mail.yahoo.com> Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Precedence: list Message: 10 Scott,=0D =0D That is great news. However, the link seems to be broken and I could not see it.=0D =0D See N64KR at http://KR-Builder.org - Then click on the pics=0D =0D Daniel R. Heath - Columbia, SC=0D =0D DanRH@KR-Builder.org=0D =0D See you in Mt. Vernon - 2004 - KR Gathering=0D =0D See our EAA Chapter 242 at http://EAA242.org=0D =20From bo124rs@hotmail.com Thu Dec 18 03:58:39 2003 Received: from bay13-f36.bay13.hotmail.com ([64.4.31.36] helo=hotmail.com) by lizard.esosoft.net with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 1AWwnf-000097-00 for krnet@mylist.net; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 03:58:39 -0800 Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 03:47:13 -0800 Received: from 205.188.209.74 by by13fd.bay13.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 11:47:12 GMT X-Originating-IP: [205.188.209.74] X-Originating-Email: [bo124rs@hotmail.com] X-Sender: bo124rs@hotmail.com From: "Dana Overall" To: krnet@mylist.net Bcc: Subject: RE: KR>Training Quandry, can KR's have dual pedals and sticks? Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 06:47:12 -0500 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 Dec 2003 11:47:13.0164 (UTC) FILETIME=[AD4C7CC0:01C3C55C] X-BeenThere: krnet@mylist.net X-Mailman-Version: 2.1b3 Precedence: list Reply-To: KRnet List-Id: KRnet List-Post: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Help: Thomas, with this hotmail account many people have probably responded to your questions and I haven't seen them yet, but here goes. Yes, you can buy a single stick KR and convert it to dual control. Really not an issue. As far as rudder pedals go, most KRs are built with passenger pedals. Now, when it comes to brakes on that side, well that was up to the builder. It again, is not a real issue to install brakes on the passenger side. As the sport pilot is written right now, the KR will not qualify as a sport airplane. It addresses a day/VFR pilot flying a slow airplane with self medicals. Interesting note, the proposal still has in it's core a 3rd. class medical or state drivers license, but......................it still contains the statement you must sign saying you are not aware of any medical condition which would preclude you from being able to obtain a 3rd. class medical. Big sentence. Whether it will be there when it finally comes out is the $1000 question. Dana Overall 1999 & 2000 National KR Gathering host Richmond, KY RV-7 slider, Imron black, "Black Magic" Finish kit Buying Instruments. Hangar flying my Dynon. http://rvflying.tripod.com do not archive _________________________________________________________________ Have fun customizing MSN Messenger — learn how here! http://www.msnmessenger-download.com/tracking/reach_customize ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 08:08:57 -0500 From: kevin To: tbsr@arctic.net,KRnet Subject: Re: KR>Training Quandry, can KR's have dual pedals and sticks? Message-ID: <3.0.6.32.20031218080857.00957610@pop3.wcoil.com> In-Reply-To: <3FE18B30.912153B0@arctic.net> References: <007a01c3c45a$3da01d30$0301a8c0@wotech.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: list Message: 11 Hi Tom , Most all kr,s have dual pedals , i know mine does . what most lack are dual brakes . I have hydralic heel brakes on the pilot side . Dual stick is not hard at all to do .. KevinAt 02:10 AM 12/18/03 -0900, you wrote: >Thanks again everyone for all of your help. I know that I am getting >closer to buying my KR. It might just happen before Christmas, which is >what I've been shooting for. Just as I think I'm getting closer, I seem >to run into another snag. But your help has always seemed to provide >the right answers. > >I did check with my flight instructor here on the training requirements >for his to teach me. Although I've seen KR's with dual stick, I'm not >sure if there is one with dual pedals. If not, is this a modification >that can be made without too much expense and damage to the airplane. >The reason I ask is because my flight instructor says he will not get >in the plane without full dual control. > >The quandary I have is that there are no planes for flight instruction >here. Everyone has their own plane, or has taken the months to move >into Anchorage to learn how to fly. The people who've done this are >students who are planning careers as commercial pilots. I can't move >into Anchorage to learn how to fly. I really don't want to buy a C150 >just to learn how to fly. > >What I really want to do is buy a KR2 or similar modern plane and learn >how to fly it. I'd been looking at the Varieze but have discovered that >they have no provision for dual control either. In addition, the >Varieze doesn't seem to have the member-user base of the KR planes. > >So, what do you have in mind? Can I buy a KR and then have it adapted >with full dual control? > >While we are on the subject of KR2 training, can someone explain the >FAA sport license proposal. How will it be different from the standard private >pilot license? Thanks in advance for all replies. > >Thomas > > >_______________________________________________ >see KRnet list details at http://www.krnet.org/instructions.html > > ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 07:26:09 -0600 From: "Mark Langford" To: Subject: KR>Aluminum list posted! Message-ID: <00fb01c3c56a$7fb21b90$5e0ca58c@tbe.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Precedence: list Message: 12 Steven's aluminum list for the KR2 and KR2S has been posts. The html file is at http://www.krnet.org/misc/kr_aluminum.html and the excel file is at http://www.krnet.org/misc/kr_aluminum.xls . It gives an error, but it still works, at least for me it did. Thanks a lot Steven. There are a lot of other lists like this that would save a lot of folks a lot of effort. I've said for years that I was going to post a cutout drawing of how to get the most efficient use out of the aircraft grade plywood sheets, but I've yet to come across the one I did. It took hours to do, and I'm sure others have done one, so even if it's just a sketch (which is what mine was), scan it and send it to me and I'll post it (or mail me a hard copy and I'll scan it). Anything else you guys can think of, I'll be happy to post to the same place... Mark Langford, Huntsville, AL N56ML at hiwaay.net see KR2S project N56ML at http://home.hiwaay.net/~langford ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 07:42:55 -0800 (PST) From: Scott Cable To: KRnet Subject: Re: KR>Boeing 7E7 Announcement Message-ID: <20031218154255.45905.qmail@web40808.mail.yahoo.com> In-Reply-To: <3FE18B9C.000040.03136@Computer> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: list Message: 13 Sorry--Must be an Internal Web thing. --- Dan Heath wrote: > That is great news. However, the link seems to be > broken and I could not > see it. > ===== Scott Cable KR-2S # 735 Wright City, MO s2cable1@yahoo.com __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? New Yahoo! Photos - easier uploading and sharing. http://photos.yahoo.com/ ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 09:56:20 -0800 (PST) From: Ray Fuenzalida To: KRnet Subject: Re: KR>Aluminum list posted! Message-ID: <20031218175620.22606.qmail@web42004.mail.yahoo.com> In-Reply-To: <00fb01c3c56a$7fb21b90$5e0ca58c@tbe.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: list Message: 14 Appreciate the list guys. Mark Langford wrote: Steven's aluminum list for the KR2 and KR2S has been posts. The html file is at http://www.krnet.org/misc/kr_aluminum.html and the excel file is at http://www.krnet.org/misc/kr_aluminum.xls . It gives an error, but it still works, at least for me it did. Thanks a lot Steven. There are a lot of other lists like this that would save a lot of folks a lot of effort. I've said for years that I was going to post a cutout drawing of how to get the most efficient use out of the aircraft grade plywood sheets, but I've yet to come across the one I did. It took hours to do, and I'm sure others have done one, so even if it's just a sketch (which is what mine was), scan it and send it to me and I'll post it (or mail me a hard copy and I'll scan it). Anything else you guys can think of, I'll be happy to post to the same place... Mark Langford, Huntsville, AL N56ML at hiwaay.net see KR2S project N56ML at http://home.hiwaay.net/~langford _______________________________________________ see KRnet list details at http://www.krnet.org/instructions.html --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? New Yahoo! Photos - easier uploading and sharingFrom tservaes@vfr.net Thu Dec 18 10:55:14 2003 Received: from miner.vfr.net ([207.212.212.133]) by lizard.esosoft.net with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 1AX3Io-00063z-00 for krnet@mylist.net; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 10:55:14 -0800 Received: from vfr.net (host-66-81-212-152.rev.o1.com [66.81.212.152]) by miner.vfr.net (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id hBIIham37794; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 10:43:37 -0800 Message-ID: <3FE1F62D.5030001@vfr.net> Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 10:47:09 -0800 From: Todd Servaes User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:0.9.4) Gecko/20011019 Netscape6/6.2 X-Accept-Language: en-us MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Jonnie Bradley , KRnet Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: KR>engines] References: <3FDFDE20.5060709@vfr.net> <3FE13026.D424C676@highstream.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-BeenThere: krnet@mylist.net X-Mailman-Version: 2.1b3 Precedence: list Reply-To: KRnet List-Id: KRnet List-Post: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Help: I forwarded the question about the little Lycoming to KR-2S builder Richard Oliver due to his substantial experience with this engine in a T-cart. Below find his thoughts: TS Jonnie Bradley wrote: > Todd, can you please forward this to those people inquiring about it? > > In reference to the Lycoming 0-145B-2 engine, I have spent about 200 > hours behind the prop of this engine in a 1940 Taylorcraft. The > engine block and cylinder sleeves are cast together and made of cast > iron. Although my engine was zero time and had been built by El Reno > Aviation in Oklahoma (probably the most knowledgable people on this > engine and recommended by Lycoming directly) the engine itself is > unreliable and there were many reasons manufacturing of it was > discontinued in 1948. The engine was notorious for having problems > with the valve seats in the aluminum heads. I personally had three > exhaust valve seats come loose in flight which jams the exhaust valve > wide open, therefore running on three cylinders. It was also fitted > with a small throat, Ma2 Marvel carburetor. Parts are almost > impossible to find for this carburetor. It was also fitted with > Bendix Scintilla (sp?) magnetos, parts also impossible to find. As > far as the starter and generator accessory plate - those parts are > rare and difficult to rebuild. In closing, I had a beautiful, > award-winning, pre-war Taylorcraft with it's original O-145 B2. The > engine was a maintenance nightmare. These engines should be left on > the antiques and in the museums, where they belong. > > Respectfully, Richard Oliver > > Todd Servaes wrote: > >> Richard and Bill, >> >> I thought that you each for your own reasons might find the message >> below from the KRNet entertaining. >> >> TS >> ------------------------------ _______________________________________________ See KRnet list details at http://www.krnet.org/instructions.html End of KRnet Digest, Vol 253, Issue 1 *************************************